Fix n.n.: Überweisung erfassen – QR-Code (EPC-QR, BezahlCode) aus Bild einlesen

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Changes.md

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # Änderungen
 
+## Überweisung erfassen: QR-Code einlesen (01.10.2026)
+
+- Neben „Empfänger“ steht ein Bereich, auf den sich ein Bild (z. B. Rechnungs-Screenshot) ziehen lässt. Ein Klick öffnet einen Dialog zum Einfügen aus der Zwischenablage (Strg+V) oder zur Dateiauswahl.
+- Ein enthaltener QR-Code im Format EPC-QR (GiroCode) oder BezahlCode (`singlepaymentsepa`) füllt Name, IBAN, BIC, Betrag, Verwendungszweck und ggf. Ausführungstermin. Das Bild wird nur im Browser gelesen.
+- Decoder: jsQR 1.4.0 (Apache-2.0) als `public/static/jsQR.js`; Fork: codeberg.org/fds2610-bot/jsQR.
+- Test: `tests/e2e/specs/qrimport.spec.js` (Beispielbilder in `tests/e2e/fixtures/`).
+
 ## Position der „+ Neu“-Knöpfe und Erklärtexte als Tooltip (01.10.2026)
 
 - Buchungsvorlagen, Erinnerungen, Sparziele, Verträge und Regeln: Die Erklärzeile entfällt, der Text steht als Tooltip am aktiven Reiter. Kredite erhalten einen Tooltip am Reiter „Kredite“.

public/static/app.css

@@ -2474,3 +2474,34 @@ table.liste.reihen .anzeige:hover,
 table.liste.reihen .anzeige:focus-visible { background: var(--flaeche-gedaempft); outline: none; }
 table.liste.reihen .anzeige.leer { color: var(--text-gedaempft); font-style: italic; }
 table.liste.reihen [hidden] { display: none; }
+
+/* QR-Import im Dialog „Überweisung erfassen“: Der Bereich steht neben der
+   Überschrift „Empfänger“ und nimmt eine Bilddatei per Ziehen entgegen. */
+.empfaengerkopf {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 1rem;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.empfaengerkopf h3 { margin: 0; }
+
+.qrbereich {
+    padding: .4rem .8rem;
+    border: 1px dashed var(--rand-kraeftig);
+    border-radius: var(--radius);
+    background: var(--flaeche-gedaempft);
+    color: var(--text-gedaempft);
+    font-size: .9rem;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.qrbereich:hover,
+.qrbereich:focus-visible,
+.qrbereich.ueberfahren {
+    border-color: var(--akzent);
+    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--akzent) 8%, transparent);
+    color: var(--text);
+}
+
+.qrmeldung { margin: .5rem 0 0; }

public/static/jsQR.LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
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public/static/qrimport.js

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+/* QR-Import im Dialog „Überweisung erfassen“.
+ *
+ * Eine Rechnung oder ein Screenshot wird auf den Bereich neben „Empfänger“
+ * gezogen (oder per Klick im Dialog aus der Zwischenablage eingefügt). Das
+ * Bild wird im Browser nach einem QR-Code durchsucht (jsQR, siehe jsQR.js);
+ * enthält er einen EPC-QR (GiroCode) oder einen BezahlCode, füllt das Skript
+ * die Felder der Überweisung. Das Bild verlässt den Browser nicht.
+ */
+
+(function () {
+    'use strict';
+
+    // ---- Formate -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+    function betragNormalisieren(text) {
+        // „260,61“, „1.234,56“, „260.61“ → „260,61“
+        let zahl = text.replace(/[^\d.,]/g, '');
+        if (zahl.indexOf(',') >= 0) {
+            zahl = zahl.replace(/\./g, '');
+        } else if (/\.\d{3}$/.test(zahl) && zahl.split('.').length > 2) {
+            zahl = zahl.replace(/\./g, '');
+        } else {
+            zahl = zahl.replace('.', ',');
+        }
+        return zahl;
+    }
+
+    function datumNormalisieren(text) {
+        // „02.10.2026“ oder „2026-10-02“ → „2026-10-02“ (Wert für <input type="date">)
+        let treffer = /^(\d{2})\.(\d{2})\.(\d{4})$/.exec(text);
+        if (treffer) {
+            return treffer[3] + '-' + treffer[2] + '-' + treffer[1];
+        }
+        return /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/.test(text) ? text : '';
+    }
+
+    // EPC-QR: zeilenweise, Kennung „BCD“ (European Payments Council, EPC069-12).
+    function epcLesen(text) {
+        const zeilen = text.split(/\r?\n/);
+        if (zeilen[0].trim() !== 'BCD' || zeilen.length < 7) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const betrag = /^[A-Z]{3}(\d+(?:\.\d{1,2})?)$/.exec((zeilen[7] || '').trim());
+        return {
+            empfaenger: (zeilen[5] || '').trim(),
+            iban: (zeilen[6] || '').replace(/\s+/g, ''),
+            bic: (zeilen[4] || '').trim(),
+            betrag: betrag ? betragNormalisieren(betrag[1]) : '',
+            // Zeile 10 = Referenz, Zeile 11 = Text; je eines von beiden ist gefüllt.
+            verwendungszweck: ((zeilen[10] || '') || (zeilen[9] || '')).trim(),
+            ausfuehrung_am: ''
+        };
+    }
+
+    // BezahlCode: URI „bank://singlepaymentsepa?name=…&iban=…“. Die ältere
+    // Variante „singlepayment“ trägt Kontonummer und BLZ statt IBAN und lässt
+    // sich in eine SEPA-Überweisung nicht verlässlich umrechnen.
+    function bezahlcodeLesen(text) {
+        const treffer = /^bank:\/\/([a-z]+)\?(.*)$/i.exec(text.trim());
+        if (!treffer || treffer[1].toLowerCase() !== 'singlepaymentsepa') {
+            return null;
+        }
+        const parameter = new URLSearchParams(treffer[2]);
+        const wert = function (name) {
+            return (parameter.get(name) || '').trim();
+        };
+        return {
+            empfaenger: wert('name'),
+            iban: wert('iban').replace(/\s+/g, ''),
+            bic: wert('bic'),
+            betrag: wert('amount') ? betragNormalisieren(wert('amount')) : '',
+            verwendungszweck: [wert('reason'), wert('reason1')].filter(Boolean).join(' '),
+            ausfuehrung_am: datumNormalisieren(wert('executiondate'))
+        };
+    }
+
+    function zahlungLesen(text) {
+        return epcLesen(text) || bezahlcodeLesen(text);
+    }
+
+    // ---- Bild → Text -------------------------------------------------------
+
+    function qrAusBild(bild) {
+        // Mehrere Maßstäbe: Ein kleiner Code in einem großen Screenshot wird
+        // oft erst beim Vergrößern erkannt, ein sehr feiner Code beim Verkleinern.
+        const faktoren = [1, 0.5, 2, 0.35];
+        for (let i = 0; i < faktoren.length; i += 1) {
+            const breite = Math.round(bild.width * faktoren[i]);
+            const hoehe = Math.round(bild.height * faktoren[i]);
+            if (breite < 40 || hoehe < 40 || breite * hoehe > 36e6) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const leinwand = document.createElement('canvas');
+            leinwand.width = breite;
+            leinwand.height = hoehe;
+            const kontext = leinwand.getContext('2d', { willReadFrequently: true });
+            kontext.imageSmoothingEnabled = faktoren[i] < 1;
+            kontext.drawImage(bild, 0, 0, breite, hoehe);
+            const daten = kontext.getImageData(0, 0, breite, hoehe);
+            const code = window.jsQR(daten.data, breite, hoehe);
+            if (code && code.data) {
+                return code.data;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    async function dateiAuslesen(datei) {
+        if (!datei.type.startsWith('image/')) {
+            throw new Error('Nur Bilder werden gelesen (PNG, JPG, WebP …) – bei einem PDF bitte einen Screenshot der Seite einfügen.');
+        }
+        let bild;
+        try {
+            bild = await createImageBitmap(datei);
+        } catch (fehler) {
+            throw new Error('Das Bild lässt sich nicht öffnen.');
+        }
+        const text = qrAusBild(bild);
+        bild.close();
+        if (text === null) {
+            throw new Error('Im Bild wurde kein QR-Code gefunden.');
+        }
+        const zahlung = zahlungLesen(text);
+        if (zahlung === null) {
+            throw new Error('Der QR-Code ist weder ein EPC-QR (GiroCode) noch ein BezahlCode für eine SEPA-Überweisung.');
+        }
+        return zahlung;
+    }
+
+    // ---- Oberfläche --------------------------------------------------------
+
+    const bereich = document.querySelector('[data-qrbereich]');
+    const dialog = document.getElementById('qrdialog');
+    if (!bereich || !dialog) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const meldung = document.querySelector('[data-qrmeldung]');
+    const dateiwahl = dialog.querySelector('[data-qrdatei]');
+
+    function melden(text, fehler) {
+        meldung.textContent = text;
+        meldung.hidden = text === '';
+        meldung.className = 'qrmeldung meldung ' + (fehler ? 'meldung-fehler' : 'meldung-erfolg');
+    }
+
+    function uebernehmen(zahlung) {
+        const gesetzt = [];
+        Object.keys(zahlung).forEach(function (name) {
+            const feld = document.getElementById(name);
+            if (feld && zahlung[name] !== '') {
+                feld.value = zahlung[name];
+                feld.dispatchEvent(new Event('change', { bubbles: true }));
+                gesetzt.push(name);
+            }
+        });
+        // Eine zuvor gewählte Adresse passt nach dem Import nicht mehr zum Namen.
+        const adresse = document.getElementById('adresse');
+        if (adresse && adresse.value !== '') {
+            adresse.value = '';
+        }
+        melden('QR-Code gelesen – bitte die Felder prüfen.', false);
+    }
+
+    async function verarbeiten(datei) {
+        if (dialog.open) {
+            dialog.close();
+        }
+        melden('Wird gelesen …', false);
+        try {
+            uebernehmen(await dateiAuslesen(datei));
+        } catch (fehler) {
+            melden(fehler.message, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function dateiAusListe(liste) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < liste.length; i += 1) {
+            const datei = liste[i].kind === undefined ? liste[i] : (liste[i].kind === 'file' ? liste[i].getAsFile() : null);
+            if (datei) {
+                return datei;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    function oeffnen() {
+        if (!dialog.open) {
+            dialog.showModal();
+        }
+    }
+
+    bereich.addEventListener('click', oeffnen);
+    bereich.addEventListener('keydown', function (ereignis) {
+        if (ereignis.key === 'Enter' || ereignis.key === ' ') {
+            ereignis.preventDefault();
+            oeffnen();
+        }
+    });
+
+    ['dragenter', 'dragover'].forEach(function (name) {
+        bereich.addEventListener(name, function (ereignis) {
+            ereignis.preventDefault();
+            bereich.classList.add('ueberfahren');
+        });
+    });
+    ['dragleave', 'drop'].forEach(function (name) {
+        bereich.addEventListener(name, function () {
+            bereich.classList.remove('ueberfahren');
+        });
+    });
+    bereich.addEventListener('drop', function (ereignis) {
+        ereignis.preventDefault();
+        const datei = dateiAusListe(ereignis.dataTransfer.files);
+        if (datei) {
+            verarbeiten(datei);
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Einfügen: Strg+V im geöffneten Dialog.
+    dialog.addEventListener('paste', function (ereignis) {
+        const datei = dateiAusListe(ereignis.clipboardData.items);
+        if (datei) {
+            ereignis.preventDefault();
+            verarbeiten(datei);
+        }
+    });
+
+    // Der Dialog nimmt auch eine Datei per Ziehen oder Dateiauswahl.
+    dialog.addEventListener('dragover', function (ereignis) {
+        ereignis.preventDefault();
+    });
+    dialog.addEventListener('drop', function (ereignis) {
+        ereignis.preventDefault();
+        const datei = dateiAusListe(ereignis.dataTransfer.files);
+        if (datei) {
+            verarbeiten(datei);
+        }
+    });
+    dateiwahl.addEventListener('change', function () {
+        if (dateiwahl.files.length > 0) {
+            verarbeiten(dateiwahl.files[0]);
+            dateiwahl.value = '';
+        }
+    });
+})();

src/Views/zahlungsverkehr/formular.php

@@ -62,7 +62,18 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../layout/kopf.php';
         </p>
     <?php endif; ?>
 
-    <h3>Empfänger</h3>
+    <div class="empfaengerkopf">
+        <h3>Empfänger</h3>
+        <?php if ($neu || $auftrag['status'] !== 'gesendet'): ?>
+            <?php /* Ohne Skript bleibt der Bereich unbedienbar – der Dialog öffnet erst
+                     qrimport.js. Die Felder lassen sich in jedem Fall von Hand füllen. */ ?>
+            <div class="qrbereich" id="qrbereich" data-qrbereich role="button" tabindex="0"
+                 title="Rechnung oder Screenshot mit EPC-QR oder BezahlCode hierher ziehen – oder klicken und ein Bild einfügen">
+                QR-Code einlesen: Bild hierher ziehen oder klicken
+            </div>
+        <?php endif; ?>
+    </div>
+    <p class="qrmeldung" data-qrmeldung role="status" hidden></p>
 
     <?php if ($adressen !== []): ?>
         <?php /* Kein „for“ auf dem Label: kombobox.js legt vor das <select> ein
@@ -170,8 +181,22 @@ include __DIR__ . '/../layout/kopf.php';
     </form>
 <?php endif; ?>
 
+<dialog class="formatdialog" id="qrdialog">
+    <h2>QR-Code einlesen</h2>
+    <p>Bild mit EPC-QR (GiroCode) oder BezahlCode aus der Zwischenablage einfügen
+        (<kbd>Strg</kbd> + <kbd>V</kbd>) oder eine Bilddatei wählen.</p>
+    <p class="feldhinweis">Das Bild wird nur im Browser gelesen und nicht hochgeladen.</p>
+    <label class="knopf" for="qrdatei">Bilddatei wählen …</label>
+    <input type="file" id="qrdatei" data-qrdatei accept="image/*" hidden>
+    <form method="dialog" class="knopfleiste">
+        <button type="submit" class="knopf">Abbrechen</button>
+    </form>
+</dialog>
+
 <?php if ($adressen !== []): ?>
     <script src="/static/kombobox.js" defer></script>
 <?php endif; ?>
+<script src="/static/jsQR.js" defer></script>
+<script src="/static/qrimport.js" defer></script>
 
 <?php include __DIR__ . '/../layout/fuss.php'; ?>

tests/e2e/specs/qrimport.spec.js

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// @ts-check
+const path = require('path')
+const fs = require('fs')
+const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test')
+
+const BENUTZER = process.env.E2E_USER || 'e2e'
+const PASSWORT = process.env.E2E_PASSWORT || process.env.E2E_PASSWORD || 'e2e-testpasswort'
+
+// Screenshots einer Rechnung mit QR-Code im jeweiligen Format.
+const BEISPIELE = [
+	{ datei: 'qr-epc.png', format: 'EPC-QR' },
+	{ datei: 'qr-bezahlcode.png', format: 'BezahlCode' },
+]
+
+async function anmelden(page) {
+	await page.goto('/login')
+	await page.fill('#benutzername', BENUTZER)
+	await page.fill('#passwort', PASSWORT)
+	await page.click('button[type="submit"]')
+	await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/$/)
+}
+
+async function pruefeFelder(page) {
+	await expect(page.locator('#empfaenger')).toHaveValue('Rheinwerk Verlag GmbH')
+	await expect(page.locator('#iban')).toHaveValue('DE26380601863001400028')
+	await expect(page.locator('#bic')).toHaveValue('GENODED1BRS')
+	await expect(page.locator('#betrag')).toHaveValue('260,61')
+	await expect(page.locator('#verwendungszweck')).toHaveValue('K042-SYUAU')
+}
+
+test.describe('Überweisung erfassen: QR-Code einlesen', () => {
+	test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+		await anmelden(page)
+		await page.goto('/zahlungsverkehr/neu')
+		await expect(page.locator('#qrbereich')).toBeVisible()
+	})
+
+	for (const { datei, format } of BEISPIELE) {
+		test(`${format}: Dateiauswahl im Dialog füllt die Felder`, async ({ page }) => {
+			await page.click('#qrbereich')
+			await expect(page.locator('#qrdialog')).toBeVisible()
+			await page.setInputFiles('#qrdatei', path.join(__dirname, '..', 'fixtures', datei))
+			await expect(page.locator('#qrdialog')).toBeHidden()
+			await pruefeFelder(page)
+		})
+
+		test(`${format}: Bild aus der Zwischenablage füllt die Felder`, async ({ page }) => {
+			const bytes = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'fixtures', datei)).toString('base64')
+			await page.click('#qrbereich')
+			await page.evaluate(async (b64) => {
+				// fetch() auf data:-URLs verbietet die Content-Security-Policy (connect-src).
+				const blob = new Blob([Uint8Array.from(atob(b64), (z) => z.charCodeAt(0))], { type: 'image/png' })
+				const daten = new DataTransfer()
+				daten.items.add(new File([blob], 'bild.png', { type: 'image/png' }))
+				document.getElementById('qrdialog').dispatchEvent(
+					new ClipboardEvent('paste', { clipboardData: daten, bubbles: true, cancelable: true }))
+			}, bytes)
+			await pruefeFelder(page)
+		})
+
+		test(`${format}: Ziehen auf den Bereich füllt die Felder`, async ({ page }) => {
+			const bytes = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, '..', 'fixtures', datei)).toString('base64')
+			await page.evaluate(async (b64) => {
+				// fetch() auf data:-URLs verbietet die Content-Security-Policy (connect-src).
+				const blob = new Blob([Uint8Array.from(atob(b64), (z) => z.charCodeAt(0))], { type: 'image/png' })
+				const daten = new DataTransfer()
+				daten.items.add(new File([blob], 'bild.png', { type: 'image/png' }))
+				document.getElementById('qrbereich').dispatchEvent(
+					new DragEvent('drop', { dataTransfer: daten, bubbles: true, cancelable: true }))
+			}, bytes)
+			await pruefeFelder(page)
+		})
+	}
+
+	test('Bild ohne QR-Code meldet einen Fehler und lässt die Felder leer', async ({ page }) => {
+		await page.click('#qrbereich')
+		await page.setInputFiles('#qrdatei', {
+			name: 'leer.png',
+			mimeType: 'image/png',
+			// 1×1-Pixel-PNG
+			buffer: Buffer.from('iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mP8z8BQDwAEhQGAhKmMIQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==', 'base64'),
+		})
+		await expect(page.locator('[data-qrmeldung]')).toContainText('kein QR-Code')
+		await expect(page.locator('#iban')).toHaveValue('')
+	})
+})